Endoscopic orbital decompression is a surgery to treat Graves’ orbitopathy (thyroid eye disease). It removes the middle and bottom walls of the bone surrounding the eye. Surgeons use endoscopes and ...

Botox is a form of toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. The botulinum toxin in food or wounds blocks the signal transmission between nerves and muscles resulting in botulism, or ...

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the thyroid gland. Approximately 27 percent of patients with Graves’ disease in North America will develop an eye disease that is known ...

This story is part of a series on the current progression in Regenerative Medicine. This piece is part of a series dedicated to the eye and improvements in restoring vision. In 1999, I defined ...

Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as Graves’ ophthalmopathy or Graves’ orbitopathy, is an autoimmune disease that may affect the appearance and function of one or both eyes. In thyroid eye disease ...

Oculomotor nerve palsy is a nerve condition that affects your vision. It can lead to double vision and difficulties using both eyes together. A weakness in the oculomotor nerves causes this condition, ...

Your eye is made up of three nerves that control the movement of your eyes, the location of your eyelids, and the size of your pupils. These nerves are the oculomotor nerve, the trochlear nerve, and ...