Trials evaluating the use of hypertonic saline solutions for resuscitation after traumatic injury have not shown an overall mortality benefit compared with isotonic fluid administration.

Hypertonic saline refers to any saline solution with a concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) higher than physiologic (0.9%). Commonly used preparations include 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 23% NaCl.

Subrayan said pelvic floor exercises could be divided into two categories: exercises for a “hypotonic ... was key to finding the right solution, she said. Hypertonic pelvic floor: when ...